Department of Spine Surgery


Welcome to the Department of Spine Surgery at La Peer Health Systems. This particular department is a sub-specialty of the Department of Orthopedics & Sports Medicine - the department that treats conditions and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. At La Peer, patient care starts well before the day of the operation, with debriefings and pre-op appointments, and it extends long after the surgery is completed, with regular check ups and follow up consultations to ensure the site is healing as planned.

The spine is susceptible to injury and misuse and many people suffer from spinal problems today. Despite the huge demand, it's estimated that around 650 orthopedic physicians complete residency training each year and go on to complete surgeries. La Peer Health Systems is very lucky to have 14 orthopedic surgeons on staff. At La Peer, we feel It is important to use surgery only as a last resort and to use minimally invasive techniques when possible.

From musculoskeletal infections to injuries, tumors and congenital disorders, the number of conditions that can affect the spine is large. Lumbar spinal fusion, intervertebral disc surgery, lumbar partial discectomy and thoracic derotation are amongst just some of the spinal surgery procedures carried out by our surgeons when non-invasive or minimally invasive surgery is not possible.

Conditions Treated:

  • Chronic lower back pain
  • Herniated discs
  • Pinched nerve
  • Spine Fracture
  • Scoliosis

Procedures:

  • Discectomy
  • Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spinal Fusion
  • Spinal Tumor Decompression
  • Foramenotomy
  • Laminectomy
  • Lumbar discectomy
  • Lumbar disc replacement
  • Spine Fusion
If you have experienced a spinal injury or have one of the mentioned conditions, please email us or call the Department of Spine Surgery at 310-360-9119 to set up an appointment.  

Conditions 

Herniated discs: A herniated disc is a condition where the outer ring of an intervertebral disc is torn and the softer, inner part of the disc is able to bulge out. The signs of a herniated disc is mild to severe pain, weakness in the limbs, and numbness in the limbs. This condition is typically brought on by heavy lifting, injury, or disc degeneration associated with the aging process. Fortunately, many people don’t require surgery. Many people can use over-the-counter pain medications, or prescription pain medication, and physical therapy can treat a herniated disc. If the physical therapy and pain medication does not fix the herniated disc, surgery may be required. The surgery may involved removing the bulging disc, a discectomy, or spinal fusion.

Pinched nerve: A pinched nerve is a nerve that has pressure placed on it by surrounding tissue or bone.  The symptoms of a pinched nerve are numbness, sharp pain, tingling, weakness, twitching, or the affected area “falling asleep.” Pinched nerves can be a side effect of other conditions such as a herniated disc, sciatica, or carpal tunnel syndrome. Obesity, osteoarthritis, and poor posture can also cause a pinched nerve. The treatment for pinched nerve is normally time to heal itself, physical therapy, and surgery. Surgery is reserved for cases that do not heal by itself.

Spine Fracture: Like other bones in the body, the vertebrae in the spine can be broken through trauma. The treatment for a spine fracture is dependent on the severity of the fracture. If it is a small fracture, then it might just need rest and time to heal. If the fracture is more severe, surgery may be required to place rods, screws, and pins to realign the broken portions.

Scoliosis: Scoliosis is when the spine has an abnormal curve. The spine does have a slight curve, but scoliosis is when there is a more pronounced curve. Scoliosis can affect children and adults. Scoliosis is common among children and will get worse when the child is going through a growth spurt. Girls are also more likely to have scoliosis than boys. Scoliosis can be caused by a congenital defect in the ribs or the spine, which cause the spine to grow in a different pattern. Another common cause of scoliosis is from the nervous system. Conditions that can cause scoliosis are spina bifida, polio, muscular dystrophy, and cerebral palsy. Many times, there are no symptoms of scoliosis, but people can experience back pain, uneven shoulders, uneven hips, spinal curvature, and an achy feeling in the spine after sitting or standing. The treatment for scoliosis depends on the age of the patient and the underlying cause. If the child is young and still growing, oftentimes, a back brace will be fitted to protect the spine from curving more. Surgery can be used to treat scoliosis. Those with congenital defects or neuromuscular scoliosis are harder to treat and may require multiple surgeries.


Procedures

Spine Surgery

Spine surgery is rarely an initial treatment for back pain but there are some emergencies that are likely to require surgical treatment. In majority of patients, such surgery is considered after a long course of traditional and conservative therapy. As back pain usually takes some time to resolve, rushing to spine surgery may not be the perfect idea. Usually, doctors recommend at least 3 to 6 months of conservative treatment before taking into account spine surgery. There are various types of spine surgery and these include:

  • Spine Fusion: This is a surgery that is performed to associate together individual vertebrae within the spine. When the vertebrae have a problem, the doctor may advise this procedure to eradicate the movement that exists within that area of the spine.
  • Lumbar disc replacement: This procedure is considered by doctors as unsafe compared to cervical disc replacement surgery. This is a new treatment option for some types of low back pain.
  • Lumbar discectomy: A discectomy is a procedure that involves the removal of a herniated disc from the spinal canal that causes the nerve pressure. A certain fragment of the normal spinal disc is expected to be dislodged when a disc herniation exists.
  • Foramenotomy: This is performed to relieve nerve pressure by pinching the nerve with more than just herniated disc. This procedure removes a part of the bone and some tissues that compress the nerve as it gets out from the spinal column.
  • Laminectomy: This is performed to relieve spinal cord pressure. This is usually used to treat conditions like spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis.

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

Minimally invasive spine surgery is an endoscopic operation that utilizes specialized instruments that are entered into the abdomen or chest through tiny incisions in order to reach the spine and do the required surgery. This procedure involves the use of a specialized video camera as well.

For decades, endoscopic methods have been utilized but to diagnosis certain conditions only. In the later part of the 1970 and early part of the 1980s, there were advancements made to endoscopic techniques which allowed a diagnosis to be made and the disorder could be remedied. These techniques that are adopted in other surgical requirements have been developed to treat spine disorders.

However, a minimally invasive spine surgery is not perfect for everyone. A surgeon must completely assess each patient to identify their qualification for the surgery. In some cases of scoliosis, degenerative discs, kyphosis, herniated discs, fractures and infections, minimally invasive surgeries may accelerate recovery, alleviate post-operative pain and enhance the final result. The different types of minimally invasive spine surgeries are:

  • Spinal Tumor Decompression: This is performed to remove the whole tumor or part of it from the spine. This procedure decompresses or relieves spinal cord and nerve root pressure, thereby alleviating pain and other potential symptoms.
  • Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spinal Fusion: This procedure is aimed at fusing the two vertebrae to stop any motion between them. Removal of the intervertebral disc or bone spurs may minimize nerve pressure. When the two vertebrae are fused, the bone spur formation will be stopped at that certain location, further alleviating possible nerve injury and pain.
  • Discectomy: A procedure that is a removal of a herniated disc material that presses on a nerve root or the spinal cord. Before the removal of the disc material, a tiny piece of vertebral bone is removed. This is to enable the surgeon to have a better view of the herniated disc.

Benefits of Minimally Invasive Surgery

Compared to the conventional spine surgery that needs long incision and recovery period, minimally invasive surgery utilizes an endoscope that is inserted into a tiny incision. The endoscope is attached to a small video camera that projects the inner view of the body onto the operating room's television screens. After the procedure, sutures are used to close the tiny incisions which will be covered with surgical tape. They will be almost invisible after a few months.

The fact that minimally invasive spine surgery holds a minimized risk of complications and alleviates the need for a longer stay in the hospital indicates that there could be cases that such surgical procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis. Obviously, this demonstrates substantial advantage for both patient and doctor in terms of cost effectiveness and safety. These procedures have become popular due to these mentioned advantages.

Minimally invasive spine surgery techniques use cutting-edge technology to make corrections to chronic spinal conditions without triggering undue injury to the soft tissues that surround it. Because of these highly specialized instrumentation and tools, guided by enhanced features like nerve monitoring and computerized navigation, spine surgeons are able to perform the surgery safely and effectively.

Compared to posterior lumbar fusion (PLF), a minimally invasive spine surgery like transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) provides the same postoperative fusion rates and alleviates the quantity of spinal muscle iatrogenic injury. The benefits of minimally invasive spine surgery include:

  1. Lower infection risk
  2. Minimized post-operative  pain
  3. Alleviated blood loss
  4. Minimized scars
  5. Less body trauma
  6. Shorter recovery period
  7. Reduced or eliminated general anesthesia time
  8. Enhanced post-surgical mobility and function

Spine Surgery Risks and Complications

Complications of spine surgery are always a risk and this must be considered carefully before deciding to have a surgical procedure.

  • Risks of Local Anesthetics- There are a lot of spine surgeries that are done under local anesthetic. This involves performing the whole procedure amid consciousness of the patient. Local anesthetic enables surgeries to be performed with less risk of paralysis.
  • Risks of General Anesthetic- General anesthetic involves the performance of a surgical procedure while the patient is unconscious. There a few patients who are allergic to some anesthetics. In rare cases, a patient can go into anaphylactic shock or even die. It is likely for general anesthetic to cause lung problems. It may lead to pulmonary infections and even pneumonia. This anesthetic increases heart attack risks as well as embolism and stroke.
  • Infections/Complications of Spine Surgery- Any surgical procedure carries a risk. Some infections might occur in the skin or in some deeper level of the wounds created during the surgery. A procedure that utilizes bone grafts out of a cadaver to reinforce a fusion is very prone to infections. When the spinal canal is infected, the patient will become sick or even die.
  • Spinal Fluid Leaks-There is a possibility of a dural tear in any procedures done within the spine. A leak will occur when there is a membrane puncture or rupture that covers the spinal cord. Though most leaks of spinal fluid can be corrected, those that are not corrected need an additional corrective surgery.
  • Nerve Damage-Nerve damage may cause a decreased sensation and body movement which may affect the functioning of the heart and lungs as well.
  • Paralysis-This is a major spine surgery risk. This may happen when a spinal cord injury is infected.

Failed Back or Spine Surgery Information
Failed back surgery is the condition that involves prolonged and continued pain experienced by the patient after surgery. There are a lot of reasons that a spine surgery may or may not work even with the hands of the best surgeons. Despite best indications, spine surgery is still over 95% predictive of a successful result. Basically, the accomplishment of a spine surgery just includes decompression of a pinched nerve root and stabilization of a joint in pain. Other reasons for failed spine surgery include:

  1. Inadequate nerve root decompression
  2. Implant failure
  3. Surgical nerve damage
  4. Preoperative nerve damage
  5. Lesion transfer failure
  6. Epidural fibrosis
  7. Postoperative rehabilitation
  8. Recurrence of spinal stenosis or disc herniation

Postsurgical Pain Predictability
Some forms of spine surgery are more predictable when it comes to reducing the symptoms of patients than others. For example:

  1. A spinal instability spine fusion is a predictable procedure. But, a multi-level lumbar degenerative disc disease fusion surgery may not be successful in alleviating pain after surgery.
  2. A lumbar disc herniation discectomy that causes leg pain is also predictable. However, a lumbar disc herniation discectomy that causes lower back pain may not be successful.

This makes it important to stick to highly successful operations to ensure preoperative identification of an anatomic lesion that is to be corrected during the surgery.
Furthermore, failed spine surgery can be treated by a combination of selective endoscopic discectomy, laser disc decompression, intradiscal infiltration, differential provocative discography and intraforaminal steroids infiltration.

Surgical Surgery Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation after spine surgery is necessary to help patients gain the most benefit from their surgery. Initially, rehabilitation is helpful for patients to recover from the surgery as quickly and effectively as possible. A physical therapist typically work with the patient to help him get back into better physical condition.

  1. Controlling Pain after Spine Surgery- A physical therapist will help manage pain after spine surgery. Pain control is a necessary step to allow patients to regain strength. The physical therapist many use various means to help alleviate pain and this may include certain spine positions, ice application, some types of movements and electrical devices like TENS unit.
  2. Recovery Exercises after Spine Surgery- A spine surgery patient can have better recovery with exercises. Exercise is the key to removing fatigue and staying away from re-injury. A physical therapist is expected to create an exercise programs that are tailored to particular patients based on information of the precise type of spine surgery and the factors that are advantageous for the spine of the patient under several conditions.
  3. Training Program after Spine Surgery- The physical therapist will make a training program for the particular patient while considering specific surgery, body tissue conditions and body types. He should focus on facilitating muscles in areas where a special training may be needed by the muscles to gain strength and give stability after the spine surgery.  Individualized physical therapy may be helpful also for areas where the flexibility and mobility of the patient has been restricted by spine surgery.

Risks and Complications of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
Like any surgical operations, minimally invasive spine surgery has both procedure-specific and general risks. There are also cases that the original planned surgery will not be completed and must have a round of operation or a diversion from the minimally invasive technique to a full open approach.
General Risks:

  1. Adverse reactions to anesthetic
  2. Leg blood clot that can travel to the lungs causing pulmonary embolus
  3. Post-operative pneumonia
  4. Surgical site infection
  5. Blood loss that will require a transfusion

Procedure-specific risks:

  1. Spinal cord or nerve injury that results in pain and paralysis in severe cases
  2. Possible breakage and malfunction of the instrumentation used that may irritate the surrounding tissues
  3. Surgical pain

Surgeons who are performing minimally invasive surgery usually would say that there is a limited opportunity to learn this technique. Post-operative and intra-operative problems are higher when the surgeon is obtaining experience. The technical challenges may be overcome with practice and training but it needs time.

Minimally invasive spine surgery requires advanced techniques, demands specialized equipment, offers decreased visualization and is linked to a limited learning curve.  Compared to conventional surgical methods, this type of procedure is also related to minimized fusion rates and insufficient decompression.

The procedure does not need the utilization of fluoroscopy. This means a low chance of exposure to fluoroscopy. Actually, the risk is more for the part of the surgeon and staff in the operating room who are exposed to every patient. In minimally, invasive spine surgery, there is usually a risk of bone fracture, nerve damage, screw malfunction and blood clot formation.

Postoperative Care for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
The management of the needs and activities following a minimally invasive spine surgery evolve with time. Patients will have some expectations during this stage. The spine surgeon will have various recommendations based on his or her preference, the need of the patient and the type of minimally invasive spine surgery. Immediately after the surgery, pain medication is administered. This is usually given by injection or in the vein. Within two days, as the pain lessens, this can be modified to oral medication.

Recovery in preoperative symptoms is attained in 80% of patients. Back pain and function improvement continues up to a couple of years following the minimally invasive spine surgery. The basis for the improvement would be:

  1. nerve compression recovery
  2. continuing fusion mass maturation
  3. muscle conditioning after the surgery

Recovery after a minimally invasive spine surgery can be affected by smoking. Nicotine is like a bone poison that inhibits bone fusion. According to a study on bone mass fusion with spinal fusion patients depicts that there is lower nonunion rate to patients who do not smoke than those patients who smoke. The nonunion rate for those who quit smoking is slightly higher.

Occupational therapy, exercise and physical therapy may be needed to aid patients in regaining strength and function. This could start in the hospital or be suggested at a later time

Like other forms of back pain treatment, the more effort exerted by the patient, the better the whole result of minimally invasive spine surgery.

If you are suffering from a spinal injury, ongoing condition, infection or degenerative disease then we at the Department of Spine Surgery are always ready to book you in for a consultation and get your treatment started. Please don't hesitate to call us La Peer Surgery Center: (310) 360-9119 today.  

La Peer Health Systems- Department of Spine Surgery
(310) 360-9119
8920 Wilshire Blvd #101
Beverly Hills, CA 90211
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